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Human Urinary System |
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The Human Urinary System is responsible for the function of excretion. The Human Urinary System is engaged in the production, storage and elimination of the urine. The different parts that consists the Human Urinary System are as follows:
A pair of kidneys: All Human beings have two kidneys. Kidneys are elongated bean shaped structures and is that of the size of a soap bar. The kidneys are located in the abdomen posterior to the organs of digestion, below the ribcage and very close to the lumber spine. The kidneys are made up of perinephric fat and at each pole of the kidney are present adrenal glands.
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The kidney's function is to filter water soluble waste products from the blood. The kidney performs a lot of function in the Human Urinary System. It plays a crucial role in concentrating urine, regulating electrolytes and maintaining the acid base homeostasis. The kidney excretes and reabsorbs different electrolytes namely sodium, potassium and calcium. Humans approximately produces 1.5liters of urine per day. This amount may vary from individual to individual.
Urinary Bladder: The Urinary Bladder is one of the vital organs present in mammals. It is a distensible membranous sac that serves he purpose of collecting body fluid or gases. It is present in the anterior pelvis. The bladder can store up to 500ml of urine for nearly two to five hours. The epithelial tissue attached to the bladder is known as the transitional epithelium. The flow of urine from the bladder is regulated by sphinters. There is a muscle layer known as detrusor muscle which when contracted, exerts pressure on the bladder and create urinary flow.
Uretar : In Humans, the uretar is located posteriorly to that of the bladder. It is devoid of valves and back flow is prevented. The ureter is made up of three layers, a fibrous outer layer/coat, inner longitudinal and circular muscles, mucosa secretes mucus to protect the lining. There are two ureters present one for each kidney.
Urethra: The urethra is the connection, connecting the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra plays a vital function of excretion to pass urine to the outside in both the sexes, it is also reproductive in nature in males for the passage of sperms.
The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra are the main components of of the urinary system. The different functions of the Human Urinary System is enumerated below:
- The discharge of foreign substances.
- Regulation of the amount of water present in the body.
- Maintaining the concentration and balance of compounds in the extracellular fluid.
Most of the above unctions are performed by the kidney. The functions can be classified into two steps:
- Filtration- The process if filtration is done by the glomeruli or glomerulus
- Selective re absorption and excretion is done by the tubular system of the kidney.
In addition to the above the kidney also serves as an endocrine gland. The fibrocytes present in the cortex secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates the formation of red blood cells.
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